How to Claim Survivor Social Security Benefits

Learn when and how to apply for survivor benefits from Social Security after losing a spouse or parent.

1. Confirm your eligibility before applying. You qualify for survivor benefits if you're the widow or widower of someone who worked and paid into Social Security for at least 10 years (40 quarters). You must be at least 60 years old, or 50 if you're disabled, or any age if you're caring for the deceased's child under 16. Divorced spouses qualify if the marriage lasted 10+ years.
2. Gather required documents. You'll need your Social Security card, birth certificate, marriage certificate, and your spouse's death certificate. If you're divorced, bring the divorce decree. For dependent children's benefits, include their birth certificates and Social Security numbers.
3. Calculate your optimal claiming age. Claiming at 60 gets you 71.5% of your spouse's full benefit. Waiting until your full retirement age (66-67 depending on birth year) gets you 100%. If your own Social Security benefit would be higher, you can claim survivor benefits first, then switch to your own record later.
4. Apply online or by phone. Use the Social Security website at ssa.gov or call 1-800-772-1213 to start your application. You cannot apply for survivor benefits online in all cases, so you may need to schedule an appointment at your local Social Security office. Apply as soon as you're eligible — benefits can be retroactive up to 6 months.
5. Understand earnings limits if you're still working. If you claim before full retirement age and earn more than $23,400 in 2026, Social Security reduces your benefits by $1 for every $2 over the limit. Once you reach full retirement age, there's no earnings limit and you can work without penalty.